Year End Review- 2024: Ministry of Home Affairs:

A. CRIMINAL LAW REFORMS – THE THREE NEW CODES

1. Context of Reform

• Part of PM Modi’s vision to remove colonial-era laws
• Implementation date: July 1, 2024
• First major reform of criminal laws since independence

2. The Three New Laws

a) Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS)

• Replaced: Indian Penal Code, 1860
• Key Features:
  • Justice-oriented approach over punitive measures
  • Enhanced focus on crimes against women and children
  • New chapter specifically addressing gender-based crimes
  • Modern definitions of crimes including cyber offenses
  • Speedier trial processes

b) Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS)

• Replaced: Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
• Key Features:
  • Modernized investigation procedures
  • Digital evidence handling protocols
  • Time-bound investigation mandates
  • Enhanced victim protection measures
  • Streamlined court procedures

c) Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA)

• Replaced: Indian Evidence Act, 1872
• Key Features:
  • Modern evidence collection methods
  • Digital evidence admissibility
  • Electronic documentation protocols
  • Scientific evidence handling
  • Updated witness protection measures

3. Technological Integration in Criminal Justice

a) e-Sakshya Platform

• Digital evidence management system
• Features:
  • Real-time evidence uploading
  • Secure storage of digital evidence
  • Immediate court accessibility
  • Video/photo evidence management
  • Chain of custody tracking

b) Nyaya Setu Dashboard

• Integrated criminal justice platform
• Components:
  • Police department integration
  • Medical facilities connection
  • Forensic lab linkage
  • Prosecution department access
  • Prison system integration
  • Single-click investigation data access

c) Nyaya Shruti

• Virtual court appearance system
• Benefits:
  • Remote witness testimony
  • Cost reduction in court proceedings
  • Time-efficient hearings
  • Enhanced accessibility to justice
  • Reduced case pendency

d) e-Summon Application

• Digital summons delivery system
• Features:
  • Electronic court notices
  • Real-time delivery tracking
  • Direct police station connectivity
  • Automated record keeping
  • Reduced procedural delays

B. CITIZENSHIP AND SOCIAL EQUITY MEASURES

1. Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) Implementation

a) Legal Framework

• Rules notified: March 11, 2024
• Objective: Protection of persecuted minorities
• Eligible countries:
  • Pakistan
  • Afghanistan
  • Bangladesh

b) Beneficiary Communities

• Religious groups covered:
  • Hindus
  • Sikhs
  • Jains
  • Buddhists
  • Parsis
  • Christians

c) Implementation Mechanism

• Online application system
• Fast-track processing
• Security clearance protocols
• Documentation requirements
• Verification procedures

2. Jammu & Kashmir Reforms

a) Electoral Achievements

• Lok Sabha Election 2024:
  • 58.46% voter turnout
  • Highest in 35 years
  • Successful security management
  • Peaceful conduct of polls
• Assembly Election 2024:
  • 63.88% voter turnout
  • Democratic participation milestone
  • Inclusive representation
  • Smooth electoral process

b) Constitutional Reforms

• Constitution (J&K) Scheduled Tribes Order Amendment Bill, 2024
  • New communities included:
    • Pahari Ethnic Group
    • Padari Tribes
    • Koli community
    • Gadda Brahmin
  • Reservation benefits
  • Educational quotas
  • Government job opportunities

c) Development Initiatives

• Infrastructure development
• Economic integration
• Educational reforms
• Healthcare improvements
• Employment generation

C. INTERNAL SECURITY MEASURES

1. Left Wing Extremism (LWE) Combat

a) Statistical Achievements

• Elimination statistics:
  • 287 Naxalites neutralized
  • 992 arrests made
  • 14 Politburo members eliminated
  • Lowest death toll in 4 decades (<100)

b) Strategic Framework

• Target deadline: March 31, 2026
• Three-pillar approach:
  1. Development initiatives:
     • Infrastructure projects
     • Education facilities
     • Healthcare services
     • Employment generation
     • Skill development
  2. Prosecution measures:
     • Fast-track courts
     • Special prosecution teams
     • Witness protection
     • Evidence preservation
     • Legal aid services
  3. Operational strategy:
     • Intelligence-based operations
     • Area domination exercises
     • Surrender and rehabilitation
     • Security force modernization
     • Inter-state coordination

2. Financial Allocation

• Security spending increase:
  • Total allocation: ₹3,006 crore
  • Equipment modernization
  • Training programs
  • Infrastructure development
  • Intelligence network strengthening

D. COUNTER-TERRORISM AND SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURE

1. Multi Agency Centre (MAC) Revamp

a) Technical Upgradation

• Advanced surveillance systems
• Real-time data sharing platforms
• Integrated command centers
• Modern communication networks
• AI-powered threat detection

b) Operational Improvements

• Inter-agency coordination enhancement
• Joint operation protocols
• Intelligence sharing mechanisms
• Rapid response teams
• Cross-border surveillance

2. Digital Initiatives

a) Criminal Case Management System (CCMS)

• Features:
  • Digital case filing
  • Evidence management
  • Investigation tracking
  • Court proceeding monitoring
  • Document digitization
  • Inter-agency information sharing

b) Cybersecurity Measures

1. Cyber Fraud Mitigation Centre (CFMC)
   • Public-private partnership
   • Real-time fraud detection
   • Quick response mechanism
   • Data analysis capabilities
   • Victim assistance protocols
2. Samanvay Platform
   • Data repository integration
   • Analytics capabilities
   • Cross-agency coordination
   • Threat assessment tools
   • Pattern recognition systems
3. Cyber Commandos Programme
   • 5,000 specialized personnel
   • Advanced training modules
   • State/UT level deployment
   • Threat neutralization capabilities
   • Cyber forensics expertise

E. DISASTER MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

1. Legislative Reforms

a) Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024

• Key provisions:
  • Proactive approach emphasis
  • Enhanced NDMA powers
  • SDMA strengthening
  • Database creation mandate
  • Resource allocation framework

b) Institutional Mechanisms

• National Crisis Management Committee
• High-level Committee powers
• Inter-agency coordination
• Resource mobilization
• Emergency response protocols

2. Financial Allocations and Support

a) State-wise Fund Distribution

1. SDRF Allocations:
   • Amount: ₹16,566 crore
   • Beneficiary states: 12
   • Usage guidelines
   • Monitoring mechanisms
   • Audit requirements
2. NDRF Allocations:
   • Amount: ₹4,808.32 crore
   • Beneficiary states: 18
   • Emergency response funding
   • Relief operation support
   • Rehabilitation assistance

b) Urban Flood Management

• Total allocation: ₹2,514.36 crore
• Cities covered:
  • Mumbai
  • Kolkata
  • Bengaluru
  • Hyderabad
  • Ahmedabad
  • Pune
• Project components:
  • Drainage system upgradation
  • Early warning systems
  • Flood control infrastructure
  • Emergency response capabilities
  • Community preparedness

3. Fire Services Modernization

• Total allocation: ₹810.64 crore
• States covered:
  • Assam
  • Karnataka
  • Tamil Nadu
• Components:
  • Equipment modernization
  • Training facilities
  • Infrastructure development
  • Response time improvement
  • Personnel capacity building

F. NORTHEAST INITIATIVES

1. Peace Accords and Settlements

a) Tripura Agreements

1. Tripartite Agreement with TIPRA:
   • Stakeholders involved
   • Key provisions
   • Implementation timeline
   • Development packages
   • Rehabilitation measures
2. NLFT and ATTF Settlement:
   • Peace process framework
   • Surrender mechanisms
   • Rehabilitation packages
   • Integration programs
   • Development initiatives

b) Border Security Measures

1. Free Movement Regime (FMR) Termination:
   • Strategic implications
   • Security considerations
   • Implementation mechanism
   • Border management
   • Local impact mitigation
2. Enhanced Surveillance:
   • Technology integration
   • Infrastructure development
   • Personnel deployment
   • Intelligence gathering
   • Coordination mechanisms

2. Development Initiatives

a) Infrastructure Projects

• Road connectivity
• Railway expansion
• Airport development
• Digital connectivity
• Power infrastructure

b) Economic Measures

• Industrial development
• Trade facilitation
• Employment generation
• Skill development
• Investment promotion

G. DRUG CONTROL MEASURES

1. Major Drug Seizures and Operations

a) Offshore Operations

• Largest seizure in nation’s history:
  • Quantity: 3,132 kg
  • Joint operation: NCB, Navy, Gujarat Police
  • Location: Maritime waters
  • Value assessment
  • International connections

b) Other Significant Operations

1. Gujarat Operation:
   • 700 kg methamphetamine seized
   • International cartel busted
   • Investigation findings
   • Operational methodology
   • Inter-agency coordination
2. Delhi Operation:
   • 82.53 kg cocaine seized
   • Value: ₹900 crore
   • Investigation approach
   • Courier center detection
   • Network dismantling

2. Anti-Drug Infrastructure

a) MANAS Helpline

• Features:
  • Toll-free number: 1933
  • Web portal
  • Mobile application
  • UMANG app integration
  • 24×7 accessibility

b) Services Offered:

• Anonymous reporting
• De-addiction guidance
• Rehabilitation support
• Information sharing
• Counseling services

3. Strategic Framework

• ‘Whole of Government Approach’
• Three pillars:
  1. Structural reforms
  2. Institutional reforms
  3. Informational reforms

H. WOMEN’S SAFETY AND EMPOWERMENT

1. Institutional Initiatives

a) CISF Women Battalion

• First all-women battalion
• Operational mandate
• Training protocols
• Deployment strategy
• Leadership structure

b) Umbrella Scheme on ‘Safety of Women’

• Total outlay: ₹1,179.72 crore
• Duration: 2021-22 to 2025-26
• Funding pattern:
  • MHA contribution: ₹885.49 crore
  • Nirbhaya Fund: ₹294.23 crore

2. Implementation Components

• Safety measures
• Infrastructure development
• Training programs
• Technology integration
• Support services

I. BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT

1. Infrastructure Development

a) Integrated Check Posts

• Petrapole facility:
  • Cost: ₹487 crore
  • Passenger Terminal Building
  • Maitri Dwar construction
  • Trade facilitation
  • Security features

b) Border Area Development

• Road connectivity
• Security infrastructure
• Surveillance systems
• Communication networks
• Local development projects

2. Security Enhancement

a) Technology Integration

• Smart fencing
• Surveillance equipment
• Communication systems
• Monitoring mechanisms
• Response capabilities

b) Personnel Development

• Training programs
• Equipment modernization
• Capacity building
• Operational protocols
• Inter-force coordination

J. CYBER SECURITY INITIATIVES

1. Digital Infrastructure

a) Cyber Fraud Prevention

• Detection mechanisms
• Response protocols
• Investigation procedures
• Public awareness
• Inter-agency coordination

b) Technology Integration

• AI/ML implementation
• Data analytics
• Real-time monitoring
• Threat assessment
• Response automation

2. Capacity Building

a) Training Programs

• Personnel development
• Technical expertise
• Operational capabilities
• Investigation skills
• International cooperation

b) Infrastructure Development

• Command centers
• Data centers
• Training facilities
• Research laboratories
• Testing centers

K. FORENSIC CAPABILITIES ENHANCEMENT

1. National Forensic Infrastructure Enhancement Scheme

a) Financial Allocation

• Total outlay: ₹2,254.43 crore
• Component-wise distribution
• Implementation timeline
• Monitoring mechanism
• Outcome metrics

b) Infrastructure Development

• NFSU campuses
• Central forensic labs
• Regional facilities
• Training centers
• Research units